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ABSTRACT Inclined piles have been widely applied to resist excessive lateral loading in engineering practice. Although some unsatisfactory observations were found in past earthquake events, supportive evidence was also observed in recent years. This paper aims to clarify the performance of inclined piles against liquefaction-induced…

Abstract A three-dimensional finite element model (3D FEM) has been developed in OpenSees to investigate the seismic response of inclined piles in liquefiable sand. The spring interface method is compared with the no interface approach in which pile and soil are bonded directly together to…