Pumice materials, which are problematic from engineering viewpoint, are widely spread in many parts of North Island. Following the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes, a clear understanding of their properties under earthquake loading is necessary. For example, the 1987 Edgecumbe Earthquake showed occurrences of localised liquefaction in…
During past major earthquakes in Christchurch, enormous damage to engineered structures and lifelines has been caused by liquefaction-induced ground failures. Standard penetration test is the most commonly used in situ test for soil characterization of liquefaction resistance. However this test has some limitations. A major…
In most design codes, soils are classified as either sand or clay, and appropriate design equations are used to represent their behaviour. For example, the behaviour of sandy soils is expressed in terms of the soil’s relative density, whereas consistency limits are often used for clays. However, sand-clay…
It is estimated that about 88% of 104 million scrap tyres generated in Japan in 2006 were either reused or recycled. Because of this, attention has been paid on scrap tyres as new ground material, and recent researches have been moving towards this direction. One…
