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The soils underlying much of central Rotorua include several metres of diatomaceous silts and pumiceous sands. The properties of these complex soils are often outside the ranges used to establish the current liquefaction criteria, and the assumptions and simplifications made in establishing these criteria may therefore be invalid…

Abstract The site subsoil classes used in Tauranga often rely on relatively shallow ground investigation data, and a site subsoil class C (shallow soil) is often used for seismic design outside of areas dominated by Holocene materials. In this study, active- and passive-source surface wave…